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Encyclopedia of Retirement and Finance


Encyclopedia of Retirement and Finance

Encyclopedia of Retirement and Finance  
Lois A. Vitt, Editor-in-Chief 

Consulting Editors:
E. Craig MacBean and Jurg K. Siegenthaler

Associate Editors:
Jamie Losikoff-Kent, Candace D. Jenkins, Mary Helen McSweeney, Julie Overton, Sandra L. Reynolds, M. Shelton Smith, Denise Talbot-White

Managing Editors: Ingrid Carlson, Jay Schweig

Introduction by: Dallas L. Salisbury

Forward by: Yung-Ping Chen.

ISBN: 0-313-32495-6

Purchase individual copies at Amazon or Barnes & Noble
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About the Contributors


NOTE: The opinions expressed in the articles in the Encyclopedia of Retirement and Finance are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the agencies or organizations with which they work or are affiliated.

 

  • W. Andrew Achenbaum, Ph.D., Professor of History and Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX
  • Laura Addington, C.F.M., M.S.F.S., Addington Financial Group, Greenville, TX
  • Michele C. Adler, M.P.H., Social Security Administration, Office of Disability and Income Security Programs, Office of Program Development and Research, Baltimore, MD
  • Linda Albert, Ph.D. Candidate, University of South Florida, Department of Gerontology, Tampa, FL
  • John Ameriks, Ph.D., TIAA-CREF Institute, New York, NY
  • Carol Anderson, M.S., President, Money Quotient, Inc., Poulsbo, WA
  • James A. Anderson, Ph.D., College of Weekend Studies, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL
  • Sia Arnason, Ph.D., Codirector, Samuel Sadin Institute on Law, Brookdale Center on Aging of Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY
  • William Arnone, Partner, Emst & Young LLP, New York, NY
  • Barry K. Baines, M.D., Medicare Medical Director, UCare Minnesota; Associate Medical Director, Hospice of the Twin Cities; CEO, The Legacy Center, Minneapolis, MN
  • Victor S. Barocas, Managing Director, Strategic Management Group, LLC, Chicago, IL
  • Thomas D. Begley, Jr., J.D., Begley & Bookbinder, PC, Morristown, NJ
  • Hubert Bermont, Consultant on Career Consulting, Princess Anne, MD
  • Leigh Bernstein, J.D., Fleming & Curti, Tucson, AZ
  • Robert H. Binstock, Ph.D., Professor of Aging, Health, and Society, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
  • Karen Brelsford, Adjunct Faculty, Financial Planning Division, Howard Community College, Columbia, MD
  • Kenneth A. Bretthorst, Chairman, First St. Louis Securities, St. Louis, MO
  • Clifton D. Bryant, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Sociology, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA
  • Veronica M. Bukowski, C.P.B.A., C.P.V.A., Bukowski-Stanton Associates, New Hope, PA
  • Jon E. Burkhardt, Senior Study Director, WESTAT, Rockville, MD
  • Cathleen Bumett, Ph.D., Department of Sociology/Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
  • Sean Cahill, Ph.D., Director, NGLTF Policy Institute, New York, NY
  • John W. Callinan, J.D., Attorney-at-Law, Wall, NJ
  • W. Donald Campbell, M.B.A., Consultant in Finance and Housing, Falls Church, VA
  • Kathleen Carlisle, Vice President of Marketing/Public Relations, Tech Federal Credit Union, Roanoke, VA
  • Andrew Carswell, Ph.D. Candidate, Visiting Assistant Professor, University of Georgia, Department of Housing and Consumer Economics, Athens, GA
  • Pinar Cebi, Ph.D., Research Associate, American Council for Capital Formation, Washington, DC
  • Susan M. Chambre, Ph.D., Professor of Sociology, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY
  • Hong-Bin Chen, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Director, State Data Center on Aging, Florida Policy Exchange Center on Aging, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
  • Yung-Ping Chen, Ph.D., Frank J. Manning Eminent Scholar's Chair, Gerontology Institute, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
  • Zhan (Sandy) Chen, M.S., Ph.D. Candidate, Associate Professor, Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
  • Alfred J. Chiplin, Attorney-at-Law, National Senior Citizens Law Center, Washington, DC
  • Rachel Christensen, M.P.H., Employee Benefit Research Institute, Washington, DC
  • David L. Christopherson, Ph.D., C.LU., G.R., St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN
  • Elizabeth Clemmer, Ph.D., AARP Public Policy Institute, Washington, DC
  • Christine Cody, R.N.C., M.S.N., Vice President, Professional Education/Innovation, National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, Alexandria, VA
  • John Collins, Ph.D., Professor of Religion, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
  • Francis P. Conner, A.C.S.W., L.M.S.W., Department of Sociology, West Georgia College, Carrollton, GA
  • Fay Lomax Cook, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Policy Research, Professor of Human Development & Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
  • Stephanie Cory, M.S.G., Research Assistant, University of Southern California, Andrus Gerontology Center, Los Angeles, CA
  • Nancy J. Cox, M.S. W., Director, Partners in Caregiving, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
  • Stephen Crystal, Ph.D., Research Professor and Chair, Division on Aging, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
  • Neal E. Cutler, Ph.D., Boettner/Gregg Chair in Financial Gerontology, Widener University, Chester, PA
  • Teri Daniel, President & Owner, InsideOut HR Solutions PLLC, Ashland, KY, and Instructor, College of Business, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
  • Michele F. Davis, Associate Director of Education, TIAA-CREF Institute, New York, NY
  • Sharon A. DeVaney, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
  • Tracv Dietz, Ph.D., Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
  • Patricia E. Dilley, Professor, University of Florida, Levin College of Law, Gainesville, FL
  • C.L. (Tim) Dimos, Attorney-at-Law, Middleburg, VA
  • Andrew Quang Do, Ph.D., Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
  • Kenneth J. Doran, Attorney-at-Law, Doran Law Offices, Madison, Wl
  • Karen Duggan, C.A., Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • Michael E. Edleson, Ph.D., Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, NASDAQ, Rockville, MD
  • Chip Eubank, C.F.P., Eubank Financial Group, Dallas, TX
  • Ann E. Fade, R.N., J.D., Choice in Dying, Inc., New York, NY
  • Mark Fagan, Ph.D., Department of Social Work, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL
  • Ronald A. Fatoullah, Esq., Ronald Fatoullah & Associates, Great Neck, Forest Hills, and Brooklyn, NY
  • Charles H. Fay, Ph.D., Professor of Human Resources, Chairman of HRM Department, School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
  • Lucy Rose Fischer, Ph.D., Independent Consultant, St. Louis Park, MN
  • Paul Fronstin, Ph.D., Employee Benefit Research Institute, Washington, DC
  • Heather J. Gibson, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Recreation, Parks and Tourism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
  • Stephen M. Golant, Ph.D., Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
  • Jordan E. Goodman, President, Amherst Enterprises, Ltd., and Proprietor, www.moneyanswers.com, Scarsdale, NY
  • Roberta Gosier, Owner/Director, Help Unlimited, Inc., Silver Spring, MD
  • Mathew Greenwald, Ph.D., Mathew Greenwald & Associates, Inc., Washington, DC
  • Rebecca Gronvold-Hatch, Ph.D., Professor of Sociology, Mt. San Antonio College, Walnut, CA
  • Sherman D. Hanna, Ph.D., Professor, Consumer and Textile Sciences Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
  • Sally Hass, Benefits Education Manager, Weyerhauser, Employee Benefits, Federal Way, WA
  • Catherine Hawes, Ph.D., Program on Aging and Long-Term Care, Social and Health Policy Research Center, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC
  • Celia Ray Hayhoe, Ph.D.. C.F.P.R., Family Financial Management, Cooperative Extension Specialist, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
  • Rona S. Henry, M.B.A., M.P.H., The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ
  • Jean M. Hogarth, Ph.D., Consumer & Community Affairs, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, DC
  • Karen C. Holden, Ph.D., Professor of Public Affairs and Consumer Science, La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
  • Andrew Holmes, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Business Management Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
  • Harriet Howe. Ph.D., Visiting Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
  • Donald A. Hunsberger, Esq., The Law Offices of Donald A. Hunsberger, Orange, CA
  • Kennes C. Huntley, C.L.U., Department of Finance, Insurance and Real Estate, Mankato State University, Mankato, MN
  • Gail A. Jensen. Ph.D., Professor, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Ml
  • David R. Johanson, Esq., Johanson Berenson LLP, Attorneys & Counselors at Law, Napa, CA
  • Marshall B. Kapp, J.D., M.P.H., Office of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH
  • Enid Kassner, M.S.W., Senior Policy Advisor, AARP Public Policy Institute, Washington, DC
  • Mary Anne Keefer. B.A., M.A., Adjunct Professor, Lord Fairfax Community College, Middletown,VA
  • T. Erie Keefer, President, Belair Inc., Huntley, VA
  • Chris Kelly, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Southern California, Andrus Gerontology Center, Los Angeles, CA
  • Marilyn C. Kennedy, M.P.A., Public Administration, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
  • Eun-Jin Kirn, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Consumer and Textile Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
  • Andrew S. Kochera, Senior Policy Advisor, AARP Public Policy Institute, Washington, DC
  • James E. Konlande, D.C., Life Chiropractic College West, San Lorenzo, CA
  • Janet L. Kuhn, Esq., Law Offices of Janet Kuhn, McLean, VA
  • Kevin J. Lamiman, Associate Editor, Better Investing Magazine, National Association of Investors Corporation, Madison Heights, MI
  • Thomas P. Langdon, J.D., Attorney-at-Law, Southington, CT
  • Jinkook Lee, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Consumer and Textile Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
  • Jean D. LeMasurier, Deputy Director, Health Plan Benefits Group, Center for Beneficiary Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore, MD
  • Walter Leutz, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Schneider Institute for Health Policy, Heller School, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
  • Phoebe Liebig, Ph.D., Associate Professor, University of Southern California Andrus Gerontology Center, Los Angeles, CA
  • Jo Ann Linck, Accredited Financial Counselor, Russell Resources and Instructor, Financial Planning, Howard Community College, Columbia, MD
  • Charles F. Longino, Jr., Ph.D., Reynolds Gerontology Program, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
  • Jamie Losikoff-Kent, Senior Research Associate, Institute for Socio-Financial Studies, Middleburg, VA
  • E. Craig MacBean, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Socio-Financial Studies, Middleburg, VA
  • Ronald J. Manheimer, Ph.D., Executive Director, North Carolina Center for Creative Retirement, and Research Associate, Professor of Philosophy, University of North Carolina, Asheville, NC
  • Robert D. Manning, Ph.D., Caroline Werner Gannett Professor of the Humanities, Rochester Institute of Technology, College of Liberal Arts, Rochester, NY
  • Jerry J. McCoy, LL.B., Attorney-at-Law, Law Offices of Jerry J. McCoy, Washington, DC
  • Christopher R. McDowell, Esq., Dinsmore & Shohl LLP, Cincinnati, OH
  • V. Karen McMahon, President/Owner, Telecommute-Now, Warrenton, VA
  • Mary Helen McSweeney, Ph.D., University of Scranton, Scranton, PA
  • Stacey Meshnick, Esq., Ronald Fatoullah & Associates, Great Neck, Forest Hills, and Brooklyn, NY
  • John N. Migliaccio, Ph.D., President, Maturity Mark Services Co., White Plains, NY, and American Institute of Financial Gerontology, Deerfield Beach, FL
  • Steven S. Miner, Research Director, Ragatz Associates, Eugene, OR
  • Scott A. Miskiel, M.S., Law Offices of Scott A. Miskiel, Cottonwood, AZ
  • Karlyn Mitchell, Ph.D., College of Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
  • Harry R. Moody, Ph.D., Senior Associate, International Longevity Center USA, New York, NY
  • Robert J. Morlock, Ph.D., Global Outcomes Research, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Group, Ann Arbor, Ml
  • Cyril Morong, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Economics, San Antonio College, San Antonio, TX
  • Nancy Morrow-Howell, Ph.D., School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
  • Phyllis H. Mutschler, Ph.D., Executive Director, National Center on Women and Aging, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
  • Robert J. Myers, LL.D., International Actuarial Consultant, Silver Spring, MD
  • Rajesh Narayanan, M.B.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor and Gardner Fellow of Finance, Department of Finance, Ohio University, Athens, OH
  • Robert Newcomer, Ph.D., Professor, University of California, San Francisco, CA
  • Brenda Watson Newmann, C.R.P.C., Financial Author/Writer and Chartered Retirement Planning Counselor, Half Moon Bay, CA
  • Christy Nishita, Ph.D. Candidate, Research Assistant, Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
  • John R. Nofsinger, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate, College of Business and Economics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
  • Barbara O'Neill, Ph.D., Interim Extension Specialist in Financial Resource Management, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, Newton, NJ
  • Tonya M. Parrott, Ph.D., Professor of Sociology & Gerontology, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT
  • Mars A. Peril, Ph.D., Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
  • Ronald Peterson, M.S., President/CEO, Three Arrows Capital Corp., Bethesda, MD
  • Diane S. Piktialis, Ph.D., Work-Life Product Director, Ceridian, Boston, MA
  • Stephen L. Poe, Ph.D., Department of Business and Finance Administration, University of North Texas, Denton, TX
  • Nancy C. Porter, Ph.D.. C.F.C.S., Interim Department Chair for Family and Youth Development, Interim State Program Leader for Family and Consumer Sciences, Clemson, SC
  • Janice K. Purk, Ph.D., State University of West Georgia, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology, Carrollton, GA
  • Jon Pynoos, Ph.D., Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
  • Patricia Quigley, Ph.D., James A. Haley VA Hospital, Patient Safety Center, Tampa, FL
  • Ganas K. Rakes, Ph.D., Finance Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH
  • Sandra L. Reynolds, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Gerontology, University of South Florida, College of Arts & Sciences, Tampa, FL
  • Suzanne Reynolds-Scanlon, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Gerontology, University of South Florida, College of Arts & Sciences, Tampa, FL
  • Dorothy P. Rice, Sc.D. (Hon.), Professor Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco, CA
  • Jihane K. Rohrbacker, Communications Director, National Association of Professional Geriatric Care Managers, Tucson, AZ
  • Jeffrey I. Roth, MA, J.D., Professor of Law, Touro College Law Center, Huntington, NY
  • Linda R. Rounds, Ph.D., School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
  • N. Lee Rucker, M.S.P.H., National Council on Patient Information and Education (NCPIE), Bethesda, MD
  • Thomas V. Rush, Ph.D., Social Security Administration, Office of Disability and Income Security Programs, Office of Program Development and Research, Baltimore, MD
  • Debra S. Sacks, R.N., J.D., Senior Staff Attorney, Samuel Sadin Institute on Law, Brookdale Center on Aging of Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY
  • Dallas L. Salisbury, M.P.A., A.B.D., Chief Staff Executive, Employee Benefit Research Institute, Washington, DC
  • Ann Elizabeth Sammon, Senior Manager, Membership Section, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, New York, NY
  • Judith A. Sangl, Sc.D., Agency for HealthCare Research and Quality, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
  • Kathleen K. Scholl, Ph.D., Consumer Economics, General Accounting Office, Washington, DC
  • Dennis G. Shea, Ph.D., Professor, Health Policy and Administration, Penn State University, University Park, PA
  • Jurg K. Siegenthaler, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC
  • Linda A. Siegenthaler, M.A., Consultant, Silver Spring, MD
  • Michael A. Smyer, Ph.D., Dean & Associate Vice President for Research, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
  • Ben J. Sopranzetti, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Rutgers University, Department of Finance, Piscataway, NJ
  • Richard H. Stanton, C.P.B.A., C.P.V.A., Bukowski-Stanton Associates, New Hope, PA
  • Norman Stein, Ph.D., Visiting Professor, University of Maine School of Law, Portland, ME
  • Catherine M. Sullivan, M.P.A., The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC
  • Ralph B. Swisher, Ph.D., Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
  • Kenn Tacchino, J.D., LL.M., Professor of Taxation and Financial Planning, Accounting, Law & Taxation Department, Widener University, Chester, PA
  • Lynn Q. Taylor, Senior Policy Analyst, Institute for Health Policy Solutions, Washington, DC
  • Margo Thorning, Ph.D., Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, American Council for Capital Formation, Washington, DC
  • John H. Thornton, Ph.D., C.L.U., College of Business Administration, University of Texas, Denton, TX
  • Paul Thrasher, C.P.A., Halt, Jackson and Thrasher, Alexandria, VA
  • Sandra Timmermann. Ed.D., Director, Mature Market Institute, MetLife, Westport, CT
  • David J. Tolan, J.D., C.L.U., Tolan Schueller, Inc., Milwaukee, WI
  • Ronald Turner, J.D., George Butler Research Professor and Professor of Law, The University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
  • Peter Uhlenberg, Ph.D., Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
  • Jack L. VanDerhei, Ph.D., Department of Risk, Insurance, and Healthcare Management, The Fox School of Business and Management, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
  • Valentine M. Villa, Ph.D., Adjunct Assistant Professor, UCLA Public Health-Community Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA
  • Lois A. Vitt, Ph.D., Director and Founder, Institute for Socio-Financial Studies, Middleburg, VA
  • Anne S. Welch, M.A., Program in Human Development and Social Policy, School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
  • Paul Westbrook, C.F.P., Westbrook Financial Advisers, Westfield, NJ
  • Robert Whaples, Ph.D., Department of Economics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
  • Monika White, President/CEO, Center for Healthy Aging, Santa Monica, CA
  • Joshua M. Wiener, Ph.D., The Urban Institute, Washington, DC
  • Steven Wilber, Ph.D., Research Associate, American Council for Capital Formation, Washington, DC
  • Bradley R. Williams, PharmD, Associate Professor, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy and Andrus Gerontology Center, Los Angeles, CA
  • Flora Williams, Ph.D., Consumer and Family Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN
  • David P. Willis, M.P.H., National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
  • Louisa Woodville, M.A., M.B.A., Intersections Inc., Chantilly, VA
  • David L. Wray, President, Profit Sharing/401K Council of America, Chicago, IL
  • Bernadette Wright, Ph.D., Policy Research Analyst, AARP Public Policy Institute, Washington,DC
  • James D. Wright, Ph.D., Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Central Florida,Orlando, FL
  • Rui Yao, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
  • Sarah Zapolsky, M.S., Senior Research Advisor, Knowledge Management/Membership Group, AARP, Washington, DC

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